Trehalose Found Instrumental in Hormonal Regulation and Gene Function in Plants

Comments by J. C. Spencer

A German scientific paper reveals the importance of trehalose in plant cell wall biosynthesis, hormonal regulation and gene function. This science paper recently published in Plant Physiology discusses the role trehalose plays in hormonal regulation. The study made available through a grant from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research indicates the important role that trehalose may play in active nutrient uptake from the apoplastic space into the endosperm.

The Abstract discusses the transcriptional activation of nucleotide sugar metabolism and how it may be attributed to ascorbate synthesis and/or cell wall biosynthesis. These processes are potentially controlled by trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase, as suggested by expression of their respective genes.

Now, the Abstract:

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Different Hormonal Regulation of Cellular Differentiation and Function in Nucellar Projection and Endosperm Transfer Cells: A Microdissection - Based Transcriptome Study of Young Barley Grains

Johannes Thiel, Diana Weier, Nese Sreenivasulu, Marc Strickert, Nicola Weichert, Michael Melzer, Tobias Czauderna, Ulrich Wobus, Hans Weber and Winfriede Weschke

Leibniz-Institut f�r Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D - 06466 Gatersleben, Germany

Nucellar projection (NP) and endosperm transfer cells (ETC) are essential tissues in growing barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains, responsible for nutrient transfer from maternal to filial tissues, endosperm/embryo nutrition, and grain development. A laser microdissection pressure catapulting-based transcriptome analysis was established to study NP and ETC separately using a barley 12K macroarray. A major challenge was to isolate high-quality mRNA from preembedded, fixed tissue while maintaining tissue integrity. We show that probes generated from fixed and embedded tissue sections represent largely the transcriptome (>70%) of nonchemically treated and nonamplified references. In NP, the top-down gradient of cellular differentiation is reflected by the expression of C3HC4-type ubiquitin ligases and different histone genes, cell wall biosynthesis and expansin/extensin genes, as well as genes involved in programmed cell death-related proteolysis coupled to nitrogen remobilization, indicating distinct areas simultaneously undergoing mitosis, cell elongation, and disintegration. Activated gene expression related to gibberellin synthesis and function suggests a regulatory role for gibberellins in establishment of the differentiation gradient. Up-regulation of plasmalemma-intrinsic protein and tonoplast-intrinsic protein genes indicates involvement in nutrient transfer and/or unloading. In ETC, AP2/EREBP-like transcription factors and ethylene functions are transcriptionally activated, a response possibly coupled to activated defense mechanisms. Transcriptional activation of nucleotide sugar metabolism may be attributed to ascorbate synthesis and/or cell wall biosynthesis. These processes are potentially controlled by trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase, as suggested by expression of their respective genes. Up-regulation of amino acid permeases in ETC indicates important roles in active nutrient uptake from the apoplastic space into the endosperm.

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This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. 39205123) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 0313821A).

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Johannes Thiel ([email protected]).

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.108.127001

published September 10, 2008.

DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION

Plant Physiology 148:1436-1452 (2008)
� 2008 American Society of Plant Biologists

http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/short/148/3/1436